奉贤高中新高一培训班新高考英语语法数词用法讲解

一.基数词: 表示数目的数词
1.两位数: 几十和个位数之间加连词号, 如: twenty-three, forty-seven, ninety-six
2.三位数的读法: 个数字+hundred + and +后面的一位或两位数字, 如: 101读作one hundred and one, 864读作eight hundred and sixty-four
3.四位数和四位以上数字的读法: 阿拉伯数字每三位为一段, 从后往前用逗号分开, 每个逗号处所用的数词分别为: thousand, million, billion, 如: 21,634,755读作twenty-one million six hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and fifty-five. 注意: 读这样的数时, 只在hundred一词后加and
4.hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时都不用复数形式, 但它们的复数形式可以用于一些词组中, 如: hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.
5.数词dozen, score的用法与hundred, thousand等相同
二.序数词: 表示数目顺序的词
1.序数词一般是由基数词加th构成, 序数词前一定要加the, 如: the seventh, the thirteenth, the one hundredth
2.以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时, 先把y变为i, 再加eth, 如: the twentieth, the fortieth, the fiftieth, the eightieth
3.大于二十的基数词对应的序数词, 只将末位数变为序数词, 前面的其他位数仍用基数词, 如: 第532读作five hundred and thirty-second
4.不规则的序数词如下: the first, the second, the third, the fifth, the eighth, the ninth, the twelfth
三.数词的用法:
1.编号的事物可用序数词或基数词加名词构成, 如: the fourth lesson =lesson four, the fifteenth page =page fifteen, the ninth part =part nine
2.编号的事物若数字较大, 一般用基数词放在名词后面来表示, 名词前一般不用定冠词, 如: room 302, page 215, No. 101 middle school
3.在表示年月日时, 年用基数词, 日用序数词, 年的读法是, 从后往前, 将年份分成两位一段, 依次读出每一段即可, 如: April 5,1976 读作April (the) fifth, nineteen seventy-six; October 1, 1949读作October the first, nineteen forty-nine; 年份1905读作nineteen hundred and five; 年份1800读作eighteen hundred; 年份2000读作year two thousand; 年份502 B.C.读作five o two B C; 年份A.D. 620读作six twenty A D
4.表示时间时用基数词:
.表示几点整的说法: It is five (o’clock)
.表示几点过几分的说法: 若不超过30分钟, 用past表示过几分; 若超过30分钟, 用to表示差多少分到几点, 如: 3:05 =five past three, 5:20 =twenty past five; 8:35 =twenty-five to nine; 12:50 =ten to one
.表示几刻钟的说法, 如: a quarter, three quarters
.表示上午,下午某时间, 如: 8:00 a.m., 4:15 p.m.
.时刻也用24小时制读法, 只须依次读出点钟数和分钟数, 整点钟时, 需在后加读hundred ( hours), 如: 18:45读作eighteen forty-five, 18:00读作eighteen hundred ( hours ), 以上提到的3:05, 5:20, 8:35分别也可读作three five, five twenty, eight thirty-five
5.表示加减乘除的说法: 数学运算的加减乘分别用plus, minus, times, divided by表示
a. How much is fifteen plus two?
b. How much is eight minus seven?
c. How much is twelve times twelve?
d. How much is eighty-one divided by nine?
e. Five plus three is / equals eight.
f. Five minus three equals / leaves two.
g. Five times three makes / is fifteen.
h. Fifteen divided by three equals five.十五除以三等于五
6.表示倍数的说法:
a. This room is three times bigger than that one.
b. The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.
c. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.