奉贤高中补习班，新老师解析高考非谓语动词

一、不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语   To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
3、It+be+形容词+of \for sb +to do。
★ careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的逻辑主语用of sb 。
（2）作表语：He appears to have caught a cold.
（3） 作宾语：
  ①常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, afford,agree,arrange,plan,forget
Eg. How did you manage to finish it so soon?
② 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，常见的词有：think feel expect make suppose imagine …例如：
　　Eg Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
③ 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
　　Eg ________________________________.
　   　He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
★有些动词常用代疑问词的不定式作宾语，例如：teach,remember,advise,show,
advise,show,know,forget,learn,understand,see,hear,find out,explain,decide,
discuss等动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
Eg ________________________________________.
They haven’t decided when to leave so far.

（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，补充说明作宾语的名词或代词的动作或状态，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite, invite, warn, expect, prefer, encourage等
Eg Their parents prefer them to be home early.
________________________________________.
（5）作定语：
　　动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
　　1.动宾关系：
　　Eg ________________________________________.
◆不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，
如：
Eg ________________________________________.  
The child has nothing to worry about.
　　   What did you open it with?
　　◆如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
　　Eg He has no place to live.