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上外英语MTI备考英语翻译基础外刊选材练习九

更新时间:2023-09-05 14:02:30 浏览次数:49次
区域: 上海 > 上海周边
  对于政治、经济、科技、文史哲等方面的背景知识,很多同学是比较欠缺的。而这些背景知识在考试中却至关重要。同学们平时可以通过外刊精读,有意识得选择不同题材的文章,补齐背景知识的短板哦。

  外刊精读的好处:

  上外高翻MTI考研真题中,翻译基础和翻硕英语两门科目的很多试题都是选自外刊,尤其是一些西方传统大刊,如经济学人、纽约时报、金融时报等。

  同学们平时的备考中,通过对外刊的阅读和解析,可以帮助提高阅读速度、积累词汇和表达(包括缩略语)、增强语句理解力,了解中英思维差异,培养英语思维,掌握分析文章逻辑的能力,提高总结能力。

  学习英文表达和句型,为汉译英和作文积累地道表达、写作素材、扩展思路,提高写作能力。

  下面是高译老师从本周的外刊中选取的一些题材,同学们在备考中要多多涉猎哦:

  【外刊选材一】

  Substitution required

  需要替换

  substitution双关

  the use of one person or thing instead of another

  It looks as though the coach is going to make a substitution (= change one player for another in the game) .

  教练似乎要换人。

  这里既是足球常用术语,也表示当下女足的一些现状需要改变

  Why sex differences matter in football

  为什么在足球中性别差异是要紧事

  Women are not simply men with long hair even on the pitch

  男女差异可不只是头发长短,哪怕在球场上

  FOR HALF a century, between 1921 and 1971, the Football Association, which governs the sport in England, forbade women from playing on FA-affiliated pitches.“The game”, it opined, "is quite unsuitable for females.

  在从1921年到1971的半个世纪里,在英格兰管理足球运动的英格兰足球总会(Football Association)禁止在它下属的球场里举行女足赛。“这项运动,”它表态说,“不那么适合女性。

  语言点

  forbide

  to order sb not to do sth; to order that sth mustnot be done

  禁止;不准

  l ~ sb (from doing sth)

  He forbade them from mentioning thesubject again.

  他不准他们再提这个话题。

  l ~ sth

  Her father forbade the marriage.

  她的父亲不允许这桩婚事。

  l ~ sb to do sth

  You are all forbidden to leave.

  你们都不准离开。

  opine

  ~ that…(formal) to express a particular opinion

  表达,发表(意见)

  He opined that Prague was the mostbeautiful city in Europe.

  他认为布拉格是欧洲美丽的城市。

  【外刊选材二】

  Tell that to the fans. The women's World Cup held this year in Australia and New Zealand, is gearing up for a final on August 20th between Spain and England, the reigning European champions. So far, more than 1.8m tickets have been sold, breaking the previous record of 1.3m in Canada in 2015. The television audience is likely to be double the previous record of 1 bn.The level of play is higher across the board.

  把这说给球迷们听吧。今年在澳大利亚和新西兰举办的女足世界杯在8月20日迎来决赛,对阵双方是西班牙和英格兰,后者是现任欧洲冠军。决赛前夕已经售出180万张门票,打破了2015年在加拿大销售130万张的纪录。电视观众人数可能会是之前10亿人次纪录的两倍。比赛的水平也全面提高。

  语言点

  gear up

  ˌgear ˈup (for/to sth)ˌgear sb/sth↔ˈup (for/to sth)to prepare yourself/sb/sth to do sth (使)为…做好准备

  Cycle organizations are gearing up forNational Bike Week.

  自行车组织正在为全国自行车周活动做准备。

  reigning

  › being the most recent winner of a competition

  (体育竞赛项目冠军)本届的

  She's the reigning champion at Wimbledon.

  她是本届温布尔登网球赛冠军。

  知识补充

  女足世界杯

  2023年国际足联女子世界杯(2023 FIFA Women's World Cup),是国际足球联合会主办的第9届国际足联女子世界杯,于2023年7月20日至8月20日在澳大利亚和新西兰举办。8月20日晚在悉尼进行的2023年女足世界杯决赛中,西班牙1-0击败英格兰,历史上首次夺得世界杯冠军。

  【外刊选材三】

  The struggle for women's football to be taken seriously has, so far, meant fighting for equality with the men's game. In terms of money and exposure, it still has a long way to go. Although women's prize money has more than tripled since the previous World Cup, it is still only 25% of men's hauls.The disparity in club wages is cavernous. One reason is that women's sport in general accounted for just 13% of TV sports coverage in Britain in 2022, and 5% in America in 2019.

  到目前为止,为女子足球争取重视的努力就是争取与男子足球平等。从资金和率来衡量,这还有很长的路要走。自上届世界杯以来,虽然女足的奖金已经提高了两倍多,但仍只有男足奖金的25%。俱乐部的工资差距天差地别。一个原因是,女子运动总体只占英国2022年电视体育转播的13%,占美国2019年转播的5%。

  语言点

  exposure

  when an event or information is often discussed in newspapers and on the television, etc.

  (在报纸或电视上的),宣传,

  His last film got so much exposure in the press.

  他新拍摄的电影受到了媒体的极大关注。

  cavernous

  If something is cavernous, there is a very large open space inside it

  似洞穴般的;(内部)大而深的,宽广的

  a cavernous 4000-seat theatre

  有4000个座位的宽敞的剧院。

  coverage

  the reporting of a particular important event or subject

  

  What did you think of the BBC's election coverage?

  对英国广播公司的大选你怎么看?

  知识补充

  女足的财务窘境

  全世界女足俱乐部中,只有13%的俱乐部报告收入超过100万美元,这还是在很多俱乐部收入与和男足深度绑定,以及各足协补贴支持的情况下。全球范围内的女足俱乐部平均收入为50万美元,中位数更是只有20万美元。

  即便现在女足热度这么高,如今全球依然有70%的女足俱乐部财务亏损,只有22%的女足俱乐部基本收支平衡,8%能独立财务盈利。而这70%的亏损俱乐部中,又有29%是在五年之内拿过联赛冠军的。

  女足比赛转播

  在全世界女足联赛中,65%的女足比赛并不是在电视台直播,而是经过转录后分发到各媒体平台进行播出。只有26%的女足联赛比赛在国家电视台直播播出,8%的女足联赛比赛在各个地方电视台或者在线媒体平台播出。

  那些有转播权的女足联赛,平均能产生70万美元的转播收入,而其他没有转播权的女足联赛,平均只能产生10万美元的转播收入。

  【外刊选材四】

  But on the field itself, football is scrupulously equal. Women play on the same-size pitch, with the same-size ball and the same rules as men. And yet in sport that sort of equality is not always a good idea.

  但是在球场本身,这项运动是严格平等的。女足的赛场尺寸、足球大小、比赛规则都和男足一样。然而在体育运动中,这种平等并不总是个好主意。

  语言点

  scrupulous

  careful about paying attention to every detail

  仔细的;细致的;一丝不苟的

  同义替换 meticulous

  You must be scrupulous about hygiene when you're preparing a baby's feed.

  给婴儿准备食物时,对卫生丝毫马虎不得。

  Feminists have long argued, correctly, that women are not just men with long hair. The unthinking assumption that men are the“default human'means that everything from drugs and smart phones to stab vests and airbags has been designed in ways that are inconvenient or dangerous for their female users.

  长期以来,女权主义者提出,女人可不是留长发的男人。说得没错。把男性作为“人类默认值”的欠考虑的假定使得从、手机,到防刺背心和气囊等种种东西的设计都对女性使用者不便或危险。

  语言点

  unthinking

  not based on serious thought or an examination of the information

  考虑不周的;不动脑筋的;不慎重的

  What annoys me about these people is their unthinking hostility to anything foreign or unfamiliar.

  让我生气的是,这些人对任何外来的或是不熟悉的东西都不加区分地怀有敌意。

  新发表在《性别差异生物学》杂志上的研究结果表明,女性比男性更容易遭受的不良副作用,因为剂量的确定,历来是基于对男性进行的临床试验。

  男性主导的临床试验基于一刀切的方法,无视男性和女性身体之间的基本生物学差异,让女性处于劣势:女性被给予与男性相同物剂量,但她们血液中物浓度更高,并且从体内排出的时间更长。代谢上的男女差异,让很多女性可能服用了过量物。

  手机

  手机生产商生产的手机,对女性的手来说太大、太不方便,因为手机在设计时主要是用男性来做试验的。

  防刺背心

  由于防弹防刺背心没有为胸部预留足够空间,所以许多胸部丰满的女性都感到不合身。

  安全气囊

  如果安全气囊按照男性平均身高设计,在碰撞中,气囊将撞击大部分男性的胸部,为身体和头部提供一个缓冲。但对于身材较小的女性,可能下巴先撞到气囊,致使头部后仰,可能导致颈部和脊椎严重受伤。

  按照女性假人的试验结果,在某些情况下,身材较小的女性受重伤和死亡的危险性几乎是男性的3倍。

  【外刊选材五】

  Similar arguments apply to many sports, an irony given that they are the reason why women's sport even exists as a separate category. Women's bodies are smaller, on average, than men's, even among elite athletes. One paper calculates that pitch scaled for them would be two-thirds as big as it is now. Goals would be slightly smaller and the ball would be smaller and lighter. Expecting women to play on the same size pitch as men, the researchers point out, means asking them to play a game that is different from the one the men play and harder.

  类似的主张对许多体育运动也适用,而这反倒又是女子体育之所以自成一类的原因。总体而言,女子的体形小于男子,即便在精英运动员中也是一样。一篇论文计算认为,与体形匹配的话,女子足球场的大小应是现在的三分之二。球门应该稍小一些,足球也应该更小更轻。研究人员指出,认为女子要使用和男子同样大小的球场,实则是要她们做一种不同于男子足球的、难度更大的运动。

  Another worry is the risk of injury. Until recently making a women's football boot meant little more than taking a men's one and colouring it pink. Never mind the different shape and structure of women's feet. Never mind that studs designed for a man's weight might provide too much grip for lighter woman. And never mind how that might increase the risk of knee injuries, to which women seem more prone. But it is not just knees. A 2018 study found that repeatedly heading a football seemed to harm women's brains morethan men's. Having seen brain damage among American football and rugby players, the sports authorities have a duty to consider using a lighter ball.

  另一个担心是受伤的风险。还在不久前,制作一双女子足球鞋差不多就是做一双男子球鞋而后涂装成粉色。不用在意女性的脚有着不同的形状和结构。也不用在意按男性体重设计的鞋钉对体重更轻的女性来说抓地力可能太强了。那么也不用在意这是不是会增加膝盖受伤的风险,而女性似乎更容易膝盖受伤。但还不只是膝盖的问题。2018年的一项研究发现,反复顶头球对女性大脑的损害似乎大于男性。在美式橄榄球和英式橄榄球运动员中已经发现了脑损伤的情况,运动管理机构有责任考虑使用更轻的球。

  语言点

  never mind

  used as a way of emphasizing that, although a particular thing is true, the one you have just mentioned is more important or interesting

  (表示强调)更不用说…

  Midsummer House is one of the best restaurants in the country, never mind Cambridge.

  “仲夏客舍”是全国饭店之一,更别说是在剑桥了。

  相关研究证明,因为男女胯部和腿部生理结构的不同,女足运动员的前十字韧带 (ACL)更容易受伤。托特纳姆热刺俱乐部医生克雷格·罗森布鲁姆表示,该类伤病在「在女足职业球员的发生率至少是男足职业球员的两倍。

  据BBC,在2022年女足金球奖的50人候选大名单中,将近四分之一的球员因前十字韧带受伤,而这类伤病与不合脚的球鞋有着不小的关系。

  Admittedly, such changes would be controversial. When World Rugby, the international governing body for rugby union, decided to test a smaller ball designed for women's smaller hands, players were split. Some welcomed the removal of what they saw as a handicap. Others worried that anything which looked like a concession risked undermining the prestige of the women's game.

  不可否认,这些改变会引发争议。当国际橄榄球理事会(World Rugby)决定测试一只为女性更小的手掌而设计的更小的橄榄球时,球员出现了意见分歧。一些人欢迎她们眼里的一个障碍就此。另一些人则担心,任何一种看似优待的改变都可能损害这项女子运动的声誉。

  语言点

  admittedly

  used when you are agreeing that something is true, especially unwillingly

  (尤用于不情愿地承认某事时)诚然,无可否认

  Admittedly, I could have tried harder but I still don't think all this criticism is fair.

  不可否认,我本来可以再努力些。尽管如此,我认为这些批评也并非完全公正。

  handicap

  something which makes it difficult for you to do something

  障碍,阻碍

  I found not having a car quite a handicap in the country.

  我发现在这个国家没有汽车非常不方便。

  prestige

  声望;威望;威信

  If a person, a country, or an organization has prestige, they are admired and respected because of the position they hold or the things they have achieved.

  l ...efforts to build up the prestige of the United Nations...

  为树立联合国的威望所作的努力

  l It was his responsibility for foreign affairs that gained him international prestige.

  他在负责处理外交事务的过程中赢得了国际声望。

  l ...high prestige jobs.

  非常体面的工作

  That is a real risk, but it can be overstated. Plenty of other sports accommodate the physical differences between the sexes. In athletics women's hurdles are lower and discuses are lighter. Basketball uses a smaller ball; volleyball a lower net. Men and women should be treated equally in sport as in any other walk of life. But they are not physically the same, and it does no one any favours to pretend that they are.

  这种风险确实存在,但有可能被夸大了。很多其他运动都考虑了男女的身体差异。在田径运动中,女性的跨栏栏架更低,铁饼更轻。篮球使用了更小的球,排球使用了更低的球网。在体育运动中,男女应该像在任何其他行业中一样得到平等对待。但男女的身体是不一样的,假装看不到这一点对谁都没有好处。

  语言点

  overstate

  to describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is

  把…讲得过分;夸大

  l The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated.

  新立法的影响被大大地夸大了。

  l The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a merger.

  股东们似乎认为执行董事会在合并这件事上小题大做了。

  accommodate

  to give what is needed to someone

  为…提供方便;对…予以照顾性考虑

  l The new policies fail to accommodate the disabled.

  新政策没有照顾到残疾人的利益。

  l We always try to accommodate (= help) our clients with financial assistance if necessary.

  必要时,我们总是尽力为我们的客户提供财政援助。

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